Effect of Artemesia plant on parasite load and morbidity in murine Schistosomiasis mansoni

The efficacy of Artemesia inculta and A. absinthium, on oogram changes, tissue egg load and hepatic granuloma was evaluated in experimental schistosomiasis mansoni. The ethanol extract of each plant was given in a dose of 800mg/kg b.w. to all treated groups at different time intervals 7 week's, post infection [P.I.] and 24 hrs, 7 and 15 days post infection. Their effect was more obvious when the plant extract was given 24 hrs, 7 and 15 days post infection; where the number of dead ova was 15.95 +/- 0.49 [A. inculta] and 15.80 +/- 0.45 [A. absinthium] compared to 12.03 +/- 0.0 and 14.00 +/- 0.42 when both extracts where given respectively 7 week P.I. Concerning the number of ova/gm liver, the percentage reduction was 38.14% and 43.46% when [A. inculta and A. absinthium] extracts were given 24 hrs, 7 and 15 days post infection compared to 5.25% and 12.78% where both extracts were given respectively 7 weeks P.I. Histopathological effect of A. inculta and A. absinthium, on liver 7 weeks P.I. revealed that granulomas were lobular, cellular with mild fibrous tissue and large in size, while when treatment was 24hrs, 7 and 15 days post infection., smaller granulomas, with more fibrous and normal dilated portal veins, liver architecture was noticed. In conclusion the use of repeated doses of Artemesia plants in the early stages of schistosomiasis infection may be of value in overcoming the recent problem of reinfection, they are less castly and more safe than other antibilharzial drugs, with minimal side effects as revealed by the histopathological studies

Susceptibility of giardia lambia to newly introduced synthetic compounds in experimentally infected animals

Therapeutic strategy has included diverse pharmaceutical agents of traditional use such as metronidazole, quinacrine, furazolidone and paramomycin, other drugs of more recent introduction, such as albendazole and nitazoxanide, have also been applied as clinical practice. Of these e.g. metronidazole may be considered the most representative anti-giardial agents of traditional and recent use. However, evidence points to an increasing frequency of cases refractory to treatment with these drugs, the causes of which include non-compliance to treatment and emergence of drug resistant Giardia. The aim of this study is to evaluate the therapeutic effect of four new compounds, 3- / [[2E]-3-[dimethylamino] Prop-2-enoyl/ ] -5, 6-diphenyl- 1, 2, 4-triazin-3 [2H]-one [T1] 3-/ [[2E]-3-[dimethylamino] prop2-enoyl]-2H-chromen-2-one [C1] and 3-[Hexa-2, 4 dienoyl]- 4 hydroxy-1-methyl quinolin-2 [1H]-one [Q1] and N, N-Bis / [2,4-dioxo-1-methyl-1, 2, 3, 4-tetrhydroquinol-3y1] methy1/ ] benzidine [Q2] on the infection with Giardia lamblia. Treatment of Giardiasis 2 weeks post-infection with compound T1, C1, orally administered gave a very highly significant reduction in the number of cysts/gm stool were the percentage reduction rate reported for compound T1 given in a dose of [100 and 60 mg/kg] was 94.3% and 83.8%] respectively. However groups treated with compound C1 given in a dose of [100mg/kg and 60mg/kg] resulted 96.2% and 89.1%. When Q1 and Q2, were administered orally a significant reduction in the number of cysts/gm stool was noticed. Percent reduction reported for compound Q1 given in a dose [80 and 60mg/kg] was 89.6% and 72.6% respectively. Representing a highly significant reduction in number of cysts/ gm stool. Where in the compound Q2 percent reduction of cysts/ gm stool was 80.35%, 68.9% stool. The effect of compounds T1, C1, Q1, Q2 on the vegetative [Trophozoite] forms in the small intestine of sacrificed hamsters was studied. Compound T1 orally administered in a dose [100 mg/kg and 60 mg/kg] gave a highly significant reduction in the number of trophozoites [96.7% and 91.7%]. However compound C1 resulted to a significant reduction in the number of trophozoites [75.2% and 60.2%]. It was found that in treatment with compound Q1 and Q2 [80mg/kg and 60mg/ kg] the former was much more efficient than the later i.e there is a highly significant difference [94.5%, 96.7%] in case of Q1, Q2 at a dose of 80mg/kg, where as groups treated with 60mg/ kg of Q1 and Q2 showed much less reduction in the number of trophozoites. The curative effect of these compounds almost ranks with metronidazole. Histopathological examination, revealed a profound effect on the structure and function of the intestinal mucosa, villous shortening and a trophy, hypercellularity of the lamina propria due to increase in the number of mononuclear, polymorphonuclear and eosinophilic cells with diffuse loss of brush border microvillus surface area

Evaluation of molluscicidal and schistosomicidal activity of two species of Egyptiana Plant in schistosomiasis inansoni

The present study showed that the two plants Artemisia absinthium and Artemisia inculta as cold or boiled water suspensions of their dry powder were nontoxic against Biomphalaria Alexandrina snails. On the other hand, the ethanol extracts of A. absinthium and A. inculta were effective as molluscicides against B. Alexandrina, and the LC9O being 250 ppm and 400 ppm respectively, after 24 hours of exposure. It was observed that these LC9O values killed Schistosoma mansoni ova after 15 minutes of exposure. The free living larval stages of S. mansoni [miracidia and cercariae]. were killed after 30 and 45 minutes of exposure to LC90 of A. obsinthium and A. inculta respectively. The use of A. absimthium and A. inculta ethanol extracts for treatment of murine schistosomiasis mansoni was studied using different doses of 500 mg I kg, 700 mg /kg and 800 mg I kg to investigate the effect of either extract against immature stages, each dose was given as single oral dose 24 hours post infection, then 7 days post infection and lastly 15 days post infection. To study the effect of A. absinthium and A. inculta against adult Schistosorna worms, each dose of the ethanol extracts was given 7 weeks post infection as single oral dose. The percentages of reduction in mean worm burden 9 weeks post infection in animals treated with either A. absinthium or A. inculta, 7 weeks post infection with a single oral dose of 800 mg/kg, were 39.5% and 38.7% respectively. Moreover, the percentage of reduction in mean number of worms 9 weeks post infection reached 77.32% and 74.9%, respectively by using the same dose [800 mg/kg] for three successive treatment schedule, 24 hours, 7 days and 15 days post infection. Also, the mean number of eggs excreted in stool was significantly decreased with the use of both plants for the all designated time intervals. It is concluded that treatment with the ethanol extracts of Artemisia plants showed high efficacy when given early and in repeated doses in murine schistosomiasis mansoni